Sections 2 and 3 on animal husbandry and the killing of animals), whilst others also include cold-blooded animals, amphibians, reptiles, and cephalopods (e.g. Some individual provisions in the Act make reference to specific groups of animals such as vertebrates, warm-blooded animals, and fish (e.g. The term ‘animal’ is not defined in the Act. The principles of Article I of the German Animal Protection Act (TierSchG: published on, amended on 20 November 2019) are to protect the lives and well-being of animals, from the responsibility of humans for animals as ‘fellow creatures’, and states that no person may cause an animal pain, suffering or harm without ‘reasonable reason’. Article 13 of the TFEU explicitly recognises animal sentience and requires that Member States ‘pay full regard to the welfare requirements of animals’ in formulating and implementing European Union policies on agriculture, fisheries, transport, research and technological development. At the European Union (EU) level, based on the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam, Article 13 forms part of the Lisbon Treaty, signed in 2007, which subsequently became the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
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